Z Paramotopy: Parameter homotopies in parallel

Numerical algebraic geometry provides a number of efficient tools for approximating the solutions of polynomial systems. One such tool is the parameter homotopy, which can be an extremely efficient method to solve numerous polynomial systems that differ only in coefficients, not monomials. This technique is frequently used for solving a parameterized family of polynomial systems at multiple parameter values. Parameter homotopies have recently been useful in several areas of application and have been implemented in at least two software packages. This article describes Paramotopy, a new, parallel, optimized implementation of this technique, making use of the implementation in the Bertini software package. The novel features of this implementation not available elsewhere include allowing for the simultaneous solutions of arbitrary polynomial systems in a parameterized family on an automatically generated (or manually provided) mesh in the parameter space of coefficients, front ends and back ends that are easily specialized to particular classes of problems, and adaptive techniques for solving polynomial systems near singular points in the parameter space. This last feature automates and simplifies a task that is important but often misunderstood by non-experts.